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KMID : 0352720090330020104
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Journal of Ginseng Research
2009 Volume.33 No. 2 p.104 ~ p.110
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The Protective Effect of Orally Ingested Korean Red Ginseng on the Noise Induced Hearing Loss in Mice
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Ahn Joong-Ho
Chung Jong-Woo
Kim Tae-Su
Chung Ha-Na
Lee Na-Young
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Abstract
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It is well known that the saponin of Korean red ginseng (KRG) has an anti-oxidant effect and could suppress the accumulation of lipid peroxidation. The aim of the present study was to observe the inhibitory effect of KRG on mice with noise-induced hearing loss, and to determine its optimal dose. BALB/c mice with a normal hearing level and normal Preyer’s reflexes were used in the study. The mice in the permanent-threshold-shift (PTS) group were exposed to noise (120-㏈ SPL, white noise band) in a noise booth for 3 h a day, for three consecutive days. The mice in the experimental group were given heat-processed red-ginseng extract (50 ㎎/㎏, 100 ㎎/㎏, and 200 ㎎/㎏), and those in the control group were given normal saline alone during their noise exposure. The mice in the temporary-threshold-shift (TTS) group were exposed to noise (120 ㏈SPL, white noise band) in a noise booth for 3 h. The mice in the experimental group were given heat-processed red-ginseng extract (50 ㎎/㎏, 100 ㎎/㎏, and 200 ㎎/㎏), and those in the control group were given normal saline alone before their noise exposure. The hearing levels of the mice were measured through auditory brainstem response (ABR) immediately and 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after their noise exposure. Cochleae were removed from the mice 14 days after their noise exposure. Immunochemical and immunofluorescent staining were performed to observe the expression of 8-oxoG in cochlea. In the PTS group, the hearing function of the mice in all the groups was not recovered after their noise exposure. In the TTS group, however, the hearing function of the mice in all the groups was recovered within 14 days. Reduced hearing impairment and early recovery were observed in the mice that were given 200 ㎎/㎏ KRG, and early recovery was observed in the mice that were given 100 mg/kg KRG. The immunopositive staining of 8-oxoG was detected in the stria vascularis in the control group but was diminished in the mice that were given 200 ㎎/㎏ KRG. The ingestion of more than 100 ㎎/㎏ KRG demonstrated a protection and recovery effect on the noiseinduced-TTS group. Since KRG has been reported to be a safe compound even up to hundreds of mg/kg, a higher concentration of it may effectively protect and recover TTS.
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KEYWORD
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noise-induced hearing loss, cytoprotection, free radicals, recovery of the hearing function, inner ear
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